Understanding Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python

Imagine you’re building your own world in a video game. In this world, you have various things like houses, cars, and people. Each of these things has its own properties (like a house has windows and doors) and can do specific actions (like a car can drive, and a person can walk). In programming, this concept of creating things with properties and actions is called Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). Let’s dive into OOP using Python, with easy examples and analogies, so that by the end of this, you’ll be a pro!

1. What is an Object?

Think of an object as anything you can touch or see in the real world. For example, your smartphone is an object. It has properties like the brand, model, and color, and it can do things like make calls, take photos, or play games. In Python, we can create similar objects in our programs.

class Phone:
    def __init__(self, brand, model, color):
        self.brand = brand
        self.model = model
        self.color = color

    def make_call(self, number):
        print(f"Calling {number} from {self.brand} {self.model}...")

# Creating an object of the Phone class
my_phone = Phone("Apple", "iPhone 13", "Black")
my_phone.make_call("123-456-7890")

Here, Phone is a blueprint (like a recipe) for creating phone objects. my_phone is…